企业官网建设流程全解析

网站公司怎么找客户,岳阳口碑好的装修公司,常州网站制作报价,网站开通支付宝支付中级软件设计师考试的英语部分以完形填空为核心题型#xff0c;聚焦 IT 领域核心概念与专业术语#xff0c;主要考查考生对技术语境的理解、专业词汇的积累以及逻辑推理能力。题目多围绕软件架构、云计算、数据库、安全防护等高频考点展开#xff0c;难度适中但对专业语境适…中级软件设计师考试的英语部分以完形填空为核心题型聚焦 IT 领域核心概念与专业术语主要考查考生对技术语境的理解、专业词汇的积累以及逻辑推理能力。题目多围绕软件架构、云计算、数据库、安全防护等高频考点展开难度适中但对专业语境适配性要求较高。本文结合考试真题梳理核心考点、高频词汇与解题方法助力高效突破英语难关。一、英语部分考试核心特征题型固定仅考查完形填空一种题型每题 5 个空围绕一个 IT 主题展开题干长度适中侧重技术场景下的语义连贯与词汇辨析。考点聚焦核心围绕软件工程架构设计、模块化、开发模式、云计算、数据库、网络安全、分布式系统等考试重点模块不涉及生僻技术领域。考查重点一是 IT 专业词汇的精准记忆与辨析二是上下文逻辑关系的判断如因果、转折、并列三是技术场景下的固定搭配与句型应用。难度定位词汇难度以中级 IT 专业词汇为主无超纲生僻词句子结构以复合句为主但逻辑清晰侧重语义理解而非语法攻坚。二、高频考点与核心词汇梳理1. 软件架构与设计模式核心词汇architectural style架构风格、modularity模块化、component组件、constraint约束、pipe-and-filter管道 - 过滤器模式、service-oriented面向服务的、loosely coupled松耦合、highly cohesive高内聚真题场景围绕架构风格定义、模块化设计原则、组件交互关系等出题如 “An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a ___ of structural organization”答案pattern。2. 云计算与分布式系统核心词汇cloud computing云计算、SaaS/PaaS/IaaS云服务模式、distributed computing分布式计算、virtualized虚拟化的、infrastructure基础设施、connected连接的、synonym同义词、instance实例真题场景聚焦云计算定义、分层架构基础设施层、平台层、应用层、分布式系统特征等如 “The infrastucture layer serves as the ___ for building the platform layer of the cloud”答案hardware。3. 数据库基础核心词汇database schema数据库模式、relation instance关系实例、attribute属性、domain域、modular模块化的、snapshot快照真题场景考查数据库逻辑设计与实例的区别、关系模式的组成等如 “we must differentiate between the database ___, which is the logical design of the database”答案schema。4. 网络安全与访问控制核心词汇access control访问控制、authorization授权、authenticate认证、monitor监控、maintain维护、rudimentary基础的、security administrator安全管理员真题场景围绕访问控制机制、授权数据库管理、审计功能等出题如 “Permission to access a resource is called ___”答案authorization。5. 软件开发与项目管理核心词汇DevOps开发运维一体化、software engineer软件工程师、deployment部署、operational运营的、functional功能的、continuous持续的、integrate集成、pseudo code伪代码真题场景涉及开发与运维的职责差异、软件部署流程、项目团队协作等如 “a DevOps engineer has a broader focus that includes software development, how the software is deployed and providing ___ support”答案operational。6. 数据共享与集成核心词汇data sharing数据共享、integration集成、dynamic动态的、static静态的、diversity多样性、modular模块化的真题场景考查数据集成的不同方式静态集成、动态集成及面临的挑战如 “___ integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document”答案Dynamic。三、实用解题步骤与技巧1. 第一步通读全文把握核心主题拿到题目后先快速通读全文无需纠结空格明确文章围绕的 IT 主题如云计算架构、访问控制、模块化设计建立整体语境认知。这一步能帮助避免因孤立看单个空格而导致的语义偏差例如看到 “cloud”“infrastructure”“platform” 等词汇可快速定位主题为云计算分层架构。2. 第二步结合语境优先排除明显错误选项针对每个空格先根据上下文语义排除与主题无关或逻辑矛盾的选项。例如在数据库主题的文章中空格后提到 “logical design”则可排除 “instance”实例等表示具体数据快照的词汇锁定 “schema”模式。3. 第三步聚焦固定搭配与专业习惯表达IT 英语中有大量固定搭配和专业习惯表达需重点记忆。例如“architectural style”架构风格而非 “architectural model”“access control”访问控制是固定术语不可替换为 “access management”“loosely coupled and highly cohesive”松耦合高内聚是软件设计的固定原则表述。4. 第四步利用逻辑关系词判断衔接文章中常出现逻辑连接词如 however、and、while、therefore可通过这些词判断前后句的逻辑关系转折、并列、因果、对比进而锁定答案。例如出现 “while” 表示对比时前后内容通常相反如 “Software engineers often work separately... while DevOps engineers work with the operational side”出现 “therefore” 表示因果时后句是前句的结论如 “the first system built is barely usable... therefore we need to redesign”。5. 第五步代入验证确保语义连贯所有空格填完后再次通读全文检查语义是否连贯、术语是否准确、语法是否正确。重点关注专业词汇的一致性如前文用 “schema”后文不可改为 “instance”和句子逻辑的通顺性避免因一时疏忽导致的错误。四、备考提分关键策略靶向积累词汇重点记忆本文梳理的高频考点词汇结合真题语境理解词汇用法避免孤立背单词。建议将词汇按模块分类记忆如 “云计算类”“安全类”提升记忆效率。精读真题原文软件设计师英语真题的原文多来自 IT 专业文献精读真题不仅能熟悉题型还能积累技术语境下的表达习惯同时反向巩固专业知识。强化语境意识避免机械套用语法规则IT 英语的核心是 “语义适配”同一词汇在不同技术场景下可能有不同含义需结合主题判断。例如 “instance” 在数据库中表示 “实例”在云计算中也可表示 “实例”但语境不同指向不同数据库实例 vs 云服务器实例。控制答题时间英语部分共 5 道题25 分建议答题时间控制在 15-20 分钟避免因过度纠结单个空格而影响其他模块的答题进度。软件设计师英语部分并非 “拦路虎”而是 “送分题”。只要聚焦高频考点、积累专业词汇、掌握解题技巧就能在考试中高效得分。通过真题训练与靶向备考将英语部分的优势转化为通关助力为整体考试加分35. The roles and responsibilities of DevOps and software development overlap in many arcas.so it is easier to get confused between the two.Lets look at this comparison in term of work roles. One is that of a software engineer and the other is a DevOps engineer. The biggest different is in their (71). Software engineers focus on how well the computer software fits the needs of the client while a DevOps engineer has a broader focus that includes software development, how the software is deployed and providing (72) support through the cloud while the software is continually (73) . A software engineer creates computer programs for people to use based upon their security and functionality needs. A DevOps engineer also works on computer applications, but manages the building, deployment and operation as a(74) autormated process. Software engineers often work separately from the operations side of a business. They create the software a business client needs and then monitor the performance of their software products to determine if upgrades are necessary or if more serious improvements are needed. DevOps engineers work with the operational side of a business and manage the workflow to (75) software tosmoothly function with automated processes. Both professions require knowledge of computer programming languages. 问题1 A.focus 问题2 D.operational 问题3 B.functional 问题4 C.continuous 问题5 B.integrate 49. Why Have Formal Documents?Finally, writing the decisions down is essential. Only when one writes do the gaps appear and the (71) protrude(突出). The manager will be continually amazed that policies he took for common knowledge are totally unknown by some member of his team. Since his fundamental job is to keep everybody going in the (72) direction, his chief daily task will be communication, not decision-making, and his documents will immensely (73) this load.Finally, a manager’s documents give him a data base and checklist. By reviewing them (74) he sees where he is, and he sees what changes of emphasis or shifts in direction are needed. Such a plan consists of documents on what, when, how much, where, and who. This small set of critical documents (75) much of the manager’s work. If their comprehensive and critical nature is recognized in the beginning, the manager can approach them as friendly tools rather than annoying busywork. He will set his direction much more crisply and quickly by doing so.. 问题1 inconsistencies 问题2 same 问题3 lighten 问题4 periodically 问题5 decides 50. A systems architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of1onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the2onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is, system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show. 1) 3embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured. 2)4embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions. 3) 5 embody decisions as to how the system will relate to nonsoftware structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.). 问题1 C.functional decomposition 问题2 C. class model, interaction model and state model 问题3 B. Domain analysis 问题4 D. static structure 问题5 A. Application analysis 68. Project after project designs a set of algorithms and then plunges intoconstruction of customer-deliverable software on a schedule that demands delivery of the first thing built.In most projects, the first system built is (71) usable. It may be too slow, too big , awkward to use, or all three. There is no (72 ) but to start again, smarting but smarter and build a redesigned version in which these problems are solved. The discard and (73) may be done in one lump, or it may be done piece-by-piece. But all large-system experience shows that it will be done. Where a new system concept or new technology is used, one has to build a syste m to throw away, for even the best planning is not so omniscient (全知的) as to get it fight the first time.the management question, therefore, is not whether to build a pilot system and throw it away. You will do that. The only question is whether to plan in advance to build a (74). or to promise to deliver the throwaway to customers. Seen this way, the answer is much clearer. Delivering that throwaway to customers buys time, but it does so only at the (75) of agony (极大痛苦) for the user, distraction for the builders while they do the redesign, and a bad..reputation for the product that the best redesign will find hard to live down.Hence plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow. 问题1 D.barely 问题2 A.alternative 问题3 B.redesign 问题4 A.throwaway 问题5 C.cost 98. 完形类 In the field of software architecture, modularity is a cornerstone principle that emphasizes the division of a system into 1 components, each with a specific purpose and well-defined interfaces for communication. This approach facilitates the understanding, development, and maintenance of complex software systems. By promoting the reuse of 2 components, modularity also contributes to increased efficiency and reduced costs. One of the key advantages of modularity is that it enhances 3 by allowing developers to work on individual modules in parallel, without affecting other parts of the system. This parallelism leads to faster development cycles and quicker time-to-market. Additionally, modular systems are easier to test, as each module can be tested independently, reducing the risk of errors propagating across the entire system. Another crucial aspect of modularity is its ability to support 4 . As requirements change or new features are added, modular systems can be adapted more easily by modifying or replacing individual modules without disrupting the overall system. This flexibility ensures that software systems remain relevant and effective over time. In practice, achieving modularity requires careful design decisions, including the identification of appropriate module boundaries and the definition of clear interfaces between modules. This involves a trade-off between 5 the system into too many small modules, which can lead to excessive complexity and communication overhead, and having too few large modules, which can hinder reusability and flexibility. 问题1 A.distinct 问题2 D.reusable 问题3 C.parallelism 问题4 C.extensibility 问题5 A.partitioning It should go without saying that the foucus of UMLis modeling 。However,what that means,exactly,can be an open-enaded question.(71)is a means to capture ideas,relationships,decisions,and requirements in a welt-defined notation that can be applied to many different domains.Modeling not only means different things to different people,but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to coney.Ingeneral,a UML model is mode up of one or more(72).A diagram graphically represents things,and the relationships between these things.These(73)scan be representations of real-world objects,pure software constructs,or a description of the behavior of some other objects.It is common for an indeividual thing to show up on multiple diagrams;each diagram represents a particular interest,or view,of the thing being modeled.UML2.0 divides diagrams into two categories;structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams.(74)are used to capture the physical organization of the things in your system,i.e.,how one object relates to another.(75)focus on the behavior of elements in a system.For example,you can use behavioral diagrams to captrue requirements,operations,and internal state changes for elements. 问题1 A.Modeling 问题2 D.diagrams 问题3 C.things 问题4 C.Structural diagrams 问题5 A.Behavioral diagrams We initially described SOA without mentioning Web services, and vice versa. This is because they are orthogonal : service-orientation is an architectural1, while Web services are an implementation2. The two can be used together, and they frequently are, but they are not mutually dependent. For example, although it is widely considered to be a distributed-computing solution, SOA can be applied to advantage in a single system, where services might be individual processes with well-defined(3)that communicate using local channels, or in self-contained cluster, where they might communicate across a high-speed interconnect. Similarly, while Web services are (4)as the basis for a service-oriented environment, there is nothing in their definition that requires them to embody the SOA principles. While(5)is often held up as a key characteristic of Web services, there is no technical reason that they should be stateless—that would be a design choice of the developer, which may be dictated by the architectural style of the environment in which the service is intended to participate. 问题1B.style 问题2C.technology 问题3B.functions 问题4A.regarded 问题5D.statelessness You are developing a sever-side enterprise application. It must support a variety of different clients including desktop browsers , mobile browsers and native mobile applications. The application might also expose an API for 3rd parties to customer. It might also1with other applications via either web services or a message broker. The application handles requestsHTTP requests and messagesby executing business logic; accessing a databaseexchanging messages with other systems; and returning a HTML /JSON/XML 2 . There are logical components corresponding to different functional areas of the application. What’s the application’s deployment architecture? Define an architecture that structures the application as a set of 3 , collaborating services. This approach corresponds to the Y-axis of the Scale Cube. Each service is: Flighty maintainable and testable——enables rapid and frequent development and deployment. Loosely coupled with other services——enables a team to work independentlythe majority of time on their serviceswithout being imported by changes to other services and without affecting other services. 4 deployable——enable a team to deploy their services without having to coordinate with other teams. Capable of being developed by a small team——essential for high productivity by avoiding the high communication head of large teams. Services 5 using either synchronous protocols such as HTTP/REST or asynchronous protocols such as AMQP. Services can be developed and deployed independently of one another. Each service has its own database in order to be decoupled from other services. Data consistency between services is maintained using some particular pattern. 问题1选项 A.integrate B.Coordinate C.cooperate D.Communicate 问题2选项 A.request B.response C.text D.File 问题3选项 A.loosely coupled B.loosely cohesion C.High coupled D.Highly cohesion 问题4选项 A.Dependently B.Independently C.Coordinately D.Integratedly 问题5选项 A.interoprate B.coordinate C.communicate D.depend 第1题:A 第2题:B 第3题:A 第4题:B 第5题:C --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. At a basic level, cloud computing is simply a means of delivering IT resources as(1). Almost all IT resources can be delivered as a cloud service: applications, compute power, storage capacity, networking, programming tools, even communication services and collaboration(2). An architecture emerged: massively scaled,(3)distributed system resources, abstracted as virtual IT services and managed as continuously configured, pooled resources. In this architecture, the data is mostly resident on(4)somewhere on the Internet and the application runs on both the cloud servers and the users browser. Both clouds and grids are built to scale horizontally very efficiently. Both are built to with stand failures of(5)elements or nodes. Both are charged on a per-use basis. But while grids typically process batch jobs, with a defined start and end point, cloud services can be continuous. Whats more, clouds expand the types of resources available——file storage, databases, and Web services——and extend the applicability to Web and enterprise applications. 1.services 2. tools 3. horizontally 水平 4. servers 5. individual 个人 2. An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a1、of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of2 and connector types, and a set of3on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more4that specify how to determine a systems overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of5architectures are programs written in the Unix shell 问题1A.pattern1 问题2B.components2 问题3D.constraints3 问题4A.semantic models4 问题5C.pipe-and-filter5 7. Traditional structured analysis techniques focus upon the flow of (1) within a system. Object-oriented analysis emphasizes the building of real-world models, It examines requirements from the perspective of the classes and objects found in the vocabulary of the (2) domain. Traditional system design method emphasizes the proper and effective structure of a complex system. Object-oriented design method encompasses the process of object- oriented decomposition and a (3) for depicting both logical and physical as well as static and dynamic models of the system under design. Object-oriented programming is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as cooperative collections of objects, each of which represents an (4) of some class, and whose classes are all members of a hierarchy of classes united via (5) relationships. 问题1C.data 问题2A.problem 问题3D.notation 问题4A.instance 问题5B.inheritance 15. (71)data effectively is crucial for success in todays competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the (72) in hardware and software.(73)integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects. (74) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains.(75) provides an overview of the program written in plain English, without the computer syntax. 问题1B.Sharing71 问题2C.diversity72 问题3D.Static73 问题4C.Dynamic74 问题5C.Pseudo code75 25. In the fields of physical security and information security, access 1is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called2An access control mechanism connects between a user (or a process executing on behalf of a user) and system resources, such as applications, operating systems, firewalls, routers, files, and databases. The system must first authenticate a user seeking access. A security administrator 3an authorization database that specifies what type of access to which resources is allowed for this user. The access control function consults this database to determine whether to grant access. An auditing function 4and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources.In practice, a number of users may cooperatively share the access control function. All operating systems have at least a5, and in many cases a quite robust, access control component. 问题1C.control 问题2B.authorization 问题3C.maintains 问题4B.monitors 问题5D.rudimentary In the fields of physical security and information security, access control is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is valled authorization. An access control mechanism (71) connects between a user (or a process executing on behalf of a user) and system resources, such as applications, operating systems, firewalls, routers, files, and databases. The system must first authenticate a user seeking access. Typically the suthentication function determines whether the user is (72) permitted to access the system at all. Then the access control function determines if the specific requested access by this user is permitted. A security administrator maintains an authorization database that specifies what type of access to which resources is allowed for this user. The access control function consults this database to determine whether to (73) grant access. An auditing function monitors and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources. In ppractice, a number of (74) users may cooperatively share the access control function. All operating systems have at least a rudimentary, and in many cases a quite robust, acess control component. Add-on security packages can add to the (75) automated access control capabilities of the OS. Particular applications or utilities, such as a database management system, also incorporate access control functions. External devices, such as firewalls, can also provide access control services. 30. An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a1of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of2and connector types, and a set of3on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more4that specify how to determine a systems overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of5architectures are programs written in the Unix shell 问题1 A.pattern 问题2 B.components 问题3 D.constraints 问题4 A.semantic models 问题5 C.pipe-and-filter 40. Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers ___1___ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a ___2___ for distributed computing over a network, and means the ___3___ to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time. The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized computestorageand network resources. The platform lay-er is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the ___4___ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the ___5___ layer for SaaS application. 问题1 A.connected 问题2 D.synonym(同义词) 问题3 A.ability 问题4 D.hardware 问题5 C.application 44. An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a 1 、of structural organization. More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of2and connector types, and a set of 3 on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more4that specify how to determine a systems overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years. The best-known examples of5architectures are programs written in the Unix shell 问题1 A.pattern 问题2 B.components 问题3 D.constraints 问题4 A.semantic models 问题5 C.pipe-and-filter 73. 完形类 In the fields of physical security and information security, access 1is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called2An access control mechanism connects between a user (or a process executing on behalf of a user) and system resources, such as applications, operating systems, firewalls, routers, files, and databases. A security administrator 3an authorization database that specifies what type of access to which resources is allowed for this user. The access control function consults this database to determine whether to grant access. An auditing function 4and keeps a record of user accesses to system resources. In practice, a number of users may cooperatively share the access control function. All operating systems have at least a5, and in many cases a quite robust, access control component. Add-on security packages can add to the automated access control capabilities of the OS. 问题1 C.control 问题2 B.authorization 问题3 C.maintains 问题4 B.monitors 问题5 D.rudimentary 78. 完形类 Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers 1through a real-time communication network such as the Internet. In science, cloud computing is a 2for distributed computing over a network, and means the 3 to run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time. The architecture of a cloud is developed at three layers: infrastructure, platform, and application. The infrastucture layer is built with virtualized computestorageand network resources. The platform lay-er is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastucture layer serves as the 4for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is foundation for implementing the5layer for SaaS application. 问题1 A.connected 问题2 D.synonym(同义词) 问题3 A.ability 问题4 D.hardware 问题5 C.application 83. 完形类 When we talk about a database, we must differentiate between the database (1 ),which is the logical design of the database, and the database (2 ), which is a snapshot of the data in the database at a given instant in time. The concept of a relation corresponds to the programming-language notion of a variable, while the concept of a relation schema corresponds to the progranming-language notion of type definition. In general, a relation schema consists of a list of (3 )and their corresponding domains.The concept of a relation instance coresponds to the programming-language notion of a value of a (4 ).The value of a given variable may change with time; similarly the contents of a relation instance may change with time as the relation is updated. In contrast, the (5 )of a relation does not generally change. 问题1 A.schema 问题2 B.instance 问题3 B.attributes 问题4 B.variable 问题5 B.schema 88. 完形类 (1) data effectively is crucial for success in todays competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the(2) in hardware and software.(3) integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects.(4) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains.(5) provides an overview of the program written in plain English, without the computer syntax. 问题1 B.Sharing 问题2 C.diversity 问题3 D.Static 问题4 C.Dynamic 问题5 C.Pseudo code