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asp.net做织梦网站,制作充值网站,广州网站建设培训,模板网站建设系统概述 单环PID控制是Buck电路中最基础也是最常用的控制策略#xff0c;主要通过调节PWM占空比来稳定输出电压。 硬件系统设计 核心组件配置组件型号/参数作用主控制器STM32F103PID算法执行#xff0c;PWM生成功率开关MOSFET IRF540高频开关输出电感100μH能量存储#xf…系统概述单环PID控制是Buck电路中最基础也是最常用的控制策略主要通过调节PWM占空比来稳定输出电压。硬件系统设计核心组件配置组件型号/参数作用主控制器STM32F103PID算法执行PWM生成功率开关MOSFET IRF540高频开关输出电感100μH能量存储滤波输出电容470μF输出滤波电压采样电阻分压ADC输出电压检测电流采样采样电阻运放可选用于过流保护关键参数计算// Buck电路参数#defineINPUT_VOLTAGE12.0f// 输入电压12V#defineOUTPUT_VOLTAGE5.0f// 目标输出电压5V#defineSWITCHING_FREQ50000// 开关频率50kHz#defineINDUCTOR_VALUE100e-6// 电感值100μH#defineCAPACITOR_VALUE470e-6// 电容值470μF#defineLOAD_RESISTANCE10.0f// 负载电阻10Ω// PWM配置#definePWM_PERIOD1599// 72MHz/(50kHz-1)#defineMAX_DUTY0.95f// 最大占空比限制#defineMIN_DUTY0.05f// 最小占空比限制软件实现1. PID控制器结构// PID控制器结构体typedefstruct{floatKp;// 比例系数floatKi;// 积分系数floatKd;// 微分系数floatTs;// 采样周期floatintegral;// 积分项floatprev_error;// 上一次误差floatoutput;// 输出值floatoutput_max;// 输出上限floatoutput_min;// 输出下限}PID_Controller;// PID参数初始化voidPID_Init(PID_Controller*pid,floatkp,floatki,floatkd,floatts,floatout_max,floatout_min){pid-Kpkp;pid-Kiki;pid-Kdkd;pid-Tsts;pid-integral0.0f;pid-prev_error0.0f;pid-output0.0f;pid-output_maxout_max;pid-output_minout_min;}// PID计算函数位置式floatPID_Calculate(PID_Controller*pid,floatsetpoint,floatfeedback){floaterror,derivative;// 计算误差errorsetpoint-feedback;// 积分项带抗饱和pid-integralerror*pid-Ts;// 积分限幅if(pid-integralpid-output_max)pid-integralpid-output_max;elseif(pid-integralpid-output_min)pid-integralpid-output_min;// 微分项derivative(error-pid-prev_error)/pid-Ts;// PID输出计算pid-outputpid-Kp*errorpid-Ki*pid-integralpid-Kd*derivative;// 输出限幅if(pid-outputpid-output_max)pid-outputpid-output_max;elseif(pid-outputpid-output_min)pid-outputpid-output_min;// 更新上一次误差pid-prev_errorerror;returnpid-output;}2. 增量式PID实现// 增量式PID结构体typedefstruct{floatKp,Ki,Kd;floatTs;floatprev_error;floatprev2_error;floatoutput;}Incremental_PID;// 增量式PID计算floatIncremental_PID_Calculate(Incremental_PID*pid,floatsetpoint,floatfeedback){floaterror,delta_output;errorsetpoint-feedback;// 增量计算delta_outputpid-Kp*(error-pid-prev_error)pid-Ki*error*pid-Tspid-Kd*(error-2*pid-prev_errorpid-prev2_error)/pid-Ts;// 累加输出pid-outputdelta_output;// 输出限幅if(pid-outputMAX_DUTY)pid-outputMAX_DUTY;if(pid-outputMIN_DUTY)pid-outputMIN_DUTY;// 更新误差历史pid-prev2_errorpid-prev_error;pid-prev_errorerror;returnpid-output;}3. ADC采样处理// 电压采样参数#defineVOLTAGE_DIVIDER_RATIO0.4f// 分压比#defineADC_REF_VOLTAGE3.3f// ADC参考电压#defineADC_RESOLUTION4095.0f// 12位ADC// 读取输出电压floatRead_Output_Voltage(void){uint16_tadc_value;floatvoltage;// 启动ADC转换ADC_SoftwareStartConvCmd(ADC1,ENABLE);while(ADC_GetFlagStatus(ADC1,ADC_FLAG_EOC)RESET);adc_valueADC_GetConversionValue(ADC1);// 转换为电压值voltage(adc_value/ADC_RESOLUTION)*ADC_REF_VOLTAGE;voltagevoltage/VOLTAGE_DIVIDER_RATIO;// 考虑分压比returnvoltage;}// 移动平均滤波#defineFILTER_WINDOW_SIZE8floatMoving_Average_Filter(floatnew_sample){staticfloatbuffer[FILTER_WINDOW_SIZE]{0};staticuint8_tindex0;staticfloatsum0;// 减去最旧的值加上最新的值sumsum-buffer[index]new_sample;buffer[index]new_sample;// 更新索引index(index1)%FILTER_WINDOW_SIZE;returnsum/FILTER_WINDOW_SIZE;}4. PWM生成与控制// PWM初始化voidPWM_Init(void){TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef TIM_TimeBaseStructure;TIM_OCInitTypeDef TIM_OCInitStructure;GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;// 开启时钟RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA|RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO,ENABLE);RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2,ENABLE);// 配置GPIOGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_PinGPIO_Pin_0;// TIM2_CH1GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_ModeGPIO_Mode_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_SpeedGPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA,GPIO_InitStructure);// 配置定时器TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_PeriodPWM_PERIOD;TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler0;TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision0;TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterModeTIM_CounterMode_Up;TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM2,TIM_TimeBaseStructure);// 配置PWM通道TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCModeTIM_OCMode_PWM1;TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputStateTIM_OutputState_Enable;TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarityTIM_OCPolarity_High;TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse0;// 初始占空比0TIM_OC1Init(TIM2,TIM_OCInitStructure);// 启动定时器TIM_Cmd(TIM2,ENABLE);TIM_CtrlPWMOutputs(TIM2,ENABLE);}// 设置PWM占空比voidSet_PWM_Duty(floatduty_cycle){uint16_tpulse;// 限制占空比范围if(duty_cycleMAX_DUTY)duty_cycleMAX_DUTY;if(duty_cycleMIN_DUTY)duty_cycleMIN_DUTY;// 计算脉冲值pulse(uint16_t)(duty_cycle*PWM_PERIOD);// 更新比较寄存器TIM_SetCompare1(TIM2,pulse);}5. 主控制循环// 全局变量PID_Controller voltage_pid;floatoutput_voltage0.0f;floatsetpoint_voltage5.0f;// 目标输出电压5V// 系统初始化voidSystem_Init(void){// 初始化PID控制器// Kp0.5, Ki10.0, Kd0.001, Ts0.0001(100μs), 输出范围0-0.9PID_Init(voltage_pid,0.5f,10.0f,0.001f,0.0001f,0.9f,0.0f);// 初始化外设ADC_Init();PWM_Init();// 启用定时中断Timer_Init(100);// 100us定时中断}// 定时中断服务函数100usvoidTIM3_IRQHandler(void){if(TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update)!RESET){// 清除中断标志TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3,TIM_IT_Update);// 执行控制算法Buck_Control_Loop();}}// Buck控制主循环voidBuck_Control_Loop(void){staticuint16_tsample_counter0;floatduty_cycle;// 每10次中断采样一次1ms采样率if(sample_counter10){sample_counter0;// 读取输出电压output_voltageRead_Output_Voltage();// 数字滤波output_voltageMoving_Average_Filter(output_voltage);// PID计算duty_cyclePID_Calculate(voltage_pid,setpoint_voltage,output_voltage);// 更新PWM输出Set_PWM_Duty(duty_cycle);}}// 主函数intmain(void){System_Init();while(1){// 主循环可执行其他任务// 如通信、状态监测、参数调整等Monitor_System_Status();}}保护功能实现过压/欠压保护// 保护参数#defineOVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD6.0f// 过压阈值6V#defineUNDER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD4.0f// 欠压阈值4V// 电压保护检查voidVoltage_Protection_Check(void){if(output_voltageOVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD){// 过压保护关闭PWM输出Set_PWM_Duty(0.0f);// 触发故障处理Handle_OverVoltage_Fault();}elseif(output_voltageUNDER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD){// 欠压保护可记录故障或采取其他措施Handle_UnderVoltage_Fault();}}软启动功能// 软启动实现voidSoft_Start(floattarget_voltage,uint32_tstart_time_ms){staticuint32_tstart_tick0;staticuint8_tsoft_start_active0;if(!soft_start_active){soft_start_active1;start_tickGet_Tick_Count();setpoint_voltage0.0f;// 从0开始}// 线性增加设定值uint32_telapsedGet_Tick_Count()-start_tick;if(elapsedstart_time_ms){setpoint_voltagetarget_voltage*elapsed/start_time_ms;}else{setpoint_voltagetarget_voltage;soft_start_active0;}}PID参数整定方法经验整定法// Ziegler-Nichols整定法voidZiegler_Nichols_Tuning(floatKu,floatTu){// Ku: 临界增益Tu: 临界振荡周期voltage_pid.Kp0.6*Ku;voltage_pid.Ki1.2*Ku/Tu;voltage_pid.Kd0.075*Ku*Tu;}// 试凑法参数调整voidEmpirical_Tuning(void){// 先调整Kp使系统快速响应但不过冲// 再调整Ki消除稳态误差// 最后调整Kd抑制超调// 典型Buck电路起始参数voltage_pid.Kp0.1f;// 从小开始voltage_pid.Ki1.0f;// 适当积分voltage_pid.Kd0.001f;// 小微分}参考代码 单环PID控制buck电路www.3dddown.com/csa/73179.html性能优化技巧1. 抗积分饱和// 改进的PID计算带抗积分饱和floatPID_Calculate_AntiWindup(PID_Controller*pid,floatsetpoint,floatfeedback){floaterrorsetpoint-feedback;// 临时计算输出不更新积分floattemp_outputpid-Kp*errorpid-Ki*pid-integralpid-Kd*(error-pid-prev_error)/pid-Ts;// 只有输出未饱和时才更新积分if(temp_outputpid-output_maxtemp_outputpid-output_min){pid-integralerror*pid-Ts;}// 其余计算相同...// ...}2. 设定值平滑// 设定值斜坡变化voidSetpoint_Ramp(floatnew_setpoint,floatramp_time_ms){staticfloatcurrent_sp0;staticfloattarget_sp0;staticuint32_tramp_start0;if(new_setpoint!target_sp){target_spnew_setpoint;ramp_startGet_Tick_Count();}uint32_telapsedGet_Tick_Count()-ramp_start;if(elapsedramp_time_ms){setpoint_voltagecurrent_sp(target_sp-current_sp)*elapsed/ramp_time_ms;}else{setpoint_voltagetarget_sp;current_sptarget_sp;}}这个单环PID控制Buck电路的实现方案提供了完整的电压闭环控制具有较好的动态响应和稳态精度。