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中国建设银行网站首页 定投,惠州服务类营销方案,哈尔滨门户网,网站建设需要什么流程图拿 MySQL 数据库来说明#xff0c;就是在一台服务器上运行多个 MySQL 服务端进程#xff0c;每个进程监听一个端口#xff08;3306#xff0c;3307#xff0c;3308#xff09;#xff0c;维护一套属于其自己的配置和数据。注意点#xff1a;端口不能一样#xff0c;配…拿 MySQL 数据库来说明就是在一台服务器上运行多个 MySQL 服务端进程每个进程监听一个端口330633073308维护一套属于其自己的配置和数据。注意点端口不能一样配置是唯一的数据是唯一的可以用不同的 MySQL 版本实现多实例也可以用相同的 MySQL 版本实现多实例。以下演示使用的是相同版本的1.Rocky9安装Mariadb软件1安装软件yum install -y mariadb-server mariadb-pam注意默认安装mariadb-server的时候不会安装 mariadb-pam软件如果不安装该软件的时候后面会发生如下命令执行提示。所以在Rocky系统上原则上最好安装配套的 mariadb-pam 软件chown: 无法访问 /usr/lib64/mariadb/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/auth_pam_tool: 没有那个文件或目录 Couldnt set an owner to /usr/lib64/mariadb/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir/auth_pam_tool. It must be root, the PAM authentication plugin doesnt work otherwise.. chown: 无法访问 /usr/lib64/mariadb/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir: 没有那个文件或目录 Cannot change ownership of the /usr/lib64/mariadb/plugin/auth_pam_tool_dir directory to the mysql user. Check that you have the necessary permissions and try again.2环境检测包安装会自动创建一个没有的话就自己创[rootrocky30 ~] id mysql 用户id27(mysql) 组id27(mysql) 组27(mysql)默认的配置文件地址/etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf注意这个时候不要启动服务不然的话对应的数据目录下就会生成大量的数据了。2.Rocky初始化Mariadb多实例数据库创建相关目录[rootrocky30 ~] mkdir -pv /mysql/{3306,3307,3308}/{data,etc,socket,log,bin,pid}为目录赋予用户权限chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql/生成三个实例的初始数据mysql_install_db --usermysql --datadir/mysql/3306/data mysql_install_db --usermysql --datadir/mysql/3307/data mysql_install_db --usermysql --datadir/mysql/3308/data3.3306实例数据库配置1定制配置创建配置文件cat /mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf -eof [mysqld] port3306 datadir/mysql/3306/data socket/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock log-error/mysql/3306/log/mysql.log pid-file/mysql/3306/pid/mysql.pid eof定制服务脚本vim /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld #!/bin/bash PORT3306 USERroot PWDMagedu CMD_PATH/usr/bin BASE_DIR/mysql SOCKET${BASE_DIR}/${PORT}/socket/mysql.sock LOG_FILE${BASE_DIR}/${PORT}/log/service.log # 日志记录函数 log() { local message$1 local timestamp$(date %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S) echo $timestamp - $message $LOG_FILE } mysql_start() { if [ ! -e $SOCKET ]; then log Starting MySQL... echo Starting MySQL... ${CMD_PATH}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file${BASE_DIR}/${PORT}/etc/my.cnf /dev/null local pid$! sleep 2 if ps -p $pid /dev/null; then log MySQL started successfully. else log Failed to start MySQL. echo Failed to start MySQL. fi else log MySQL is running... echo MySQL is running... exit fi } mysql_stop() { if [ ! -e $SOCKET ]; then log MySQL is stopped... echo MySQL is stopped... exit else log Stopping MySQL... echo Stopping MySQL... ${CMD_PATH}/mysqladmin -u ${USER} -p${PWD} -S ${SOCKET} shutdown local result$? if [ $result -eq 0 ]; then log MySQL stopped successfully. else log Failed to stop MySQL. echo Failed to stop MySQL. fi fi } mysql_restart() { log Restarting MySQL... echo Restarting MySQL... mysql_stop sleep 2 mysql_start } usage_msg() { echo Usage: ${BASE_DIR}/${PORT}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart} } # 信号处理函数 trap mysql_stop; exit 1 SIGTERM SIGINT case $1 in start) mysql_start;; stop) mysql_stop;; restart) mysql_restart;; *) usage_msg;; esac为目录赋予用户权限chmod x /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld启动服务/mysql/3306/bin/mysqld start 检测效果 [rootrocky30 ~] netstat -tnulp | grep 3306 tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 34739/mariadbd如果启动失败关闭 selinux 临时关闭setenforce 02改造为服务脚本[rootrocky30 ~] /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld stop Stopping MySQL... [rootrocky30 ~] vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql3306.service [Unit] DescriptionMySQL 3306 Server Afternetwork.target [Service] Usermysql Groupmysql ExecStart/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file/mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf ExecStop/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -pMagedu -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock shutdown Restartalways RestartSec5 [Install] WantedBymulti-user.target启动服务[rootrocky30 ~] systemctl daemon-reload [rootrocky30 ~] systemctl start mysql3306 [rootrocky30 ~] systemctl status mysql3306 ● mysql3306.service - MySQL 3306 Server Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mysql3306.service; disabled; preset: disabled) Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Mon 2025-12-01 18:05:13 CST; 2s ago Process: 34913 ExecStart/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file/mysql/3306/etc/my.cnf (codeexited, status0/SUCCESS)进入数据库[rootrocky30 ~] mysql ERROR 2002 (HY000): Cant connect to local MySQL server through socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock (2) #发生报错mysql客户端命令在连接的时候没有指定选项参数使用的是全局的默认配置 [rootrocky30 ~] mysql -S /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock #多实例的情况下需要指定路径4.其他两个实例数据库配置1转移配置文件cat /mysql/3307/etc/my.cnf -eof [mysqld] port3307 datadir/mysql/3307/data socket/mysql/3307/socket/mysql.sock log-error/mysql/3307/log/mysql.log pid-file/mysql/3307/pid/mysql.pid eof cat /mysql/3308/etc/my.cnf -eof [mysqld] port3308 datadir/mysql/3308/data socket/mysql/3308/socket/mysql.sock log-error/mysql/3308/log/mysql.log pid-file/mysql/3308/pid/mysql.pid eof2定制启动文件转移数据库启动文件for i in 7 8 do cp -a /mysql/3306/bin/mysqld /mysql/330$i/bin/mysqld sed -i s#3306#330$i#g /mysql/330$i/bin/mysqld done定制服务文件for i in 7 8 do cp -a /etc/systemd/system/mysql3306.service /etc/systemd/system/mysql330$i.service sed -i s#3306#330$i#g /etc/systemd/system/mysql330$i.service done3测试启动数据库 [rootrocky30 ~] /mysql/3307/bin/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [rootrocky30 ~] /mysql/3308/bin/mysqld start Starting MySQL... [rootrocky30 ~] netstat -tnulp | grep 330 tcp6 0 0 :::3308 :::* LISTEN 57735/mariadbd tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 57357/mariadbd tcp6 0 0 :::3307 :::* LISTEN 57613/mariadbd5.多实例场景下如何连接不同的数据库方法一1默认连接3306mysql-clients.cnf 和 client.cnf 都是管理连接的配置文件为客户端连接配置文件定制 专属的连接属性 [rootrocky9 ~] vim /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf [mysql] socket/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock 或者 编辑另外一个文件 [rootrocky9 ~] vim /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf [client] socket/mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock2测试[rootrocky30 ~] mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. …… MariaDB [(none)] \s -------------- mysql Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.5.29-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper …… UNIX socket: /mysql/3306/socket/mysql.sock方法二命令别名alias myslq3306myslq -S /path/to/3306/socket/mysql.sock