企业官网建设流程全解析

wordpress网站模板,网站数据库一般多大,织梦手机网站分亨链接怎么做,怎样找做淘宝客的网站HDLBits 入门必刷50题#xff08;Verilog 带注释功能说明#xff09;以下题目按“组合逻辑→时序逻辑→状态机→工程模块”梯度排序#xff0c;每道题含核心考点、完整代码及关键注释#xff0c;可直接复制到 HDLBits 提交验证#xff0c;也能本地仿真复用。一、组合逻辑基…HDLBits 入门必刷50题Verilog 带注释功能说明以下题目按“组合逻辑→时序逻辑→状态机→工程模块”梯度排序每道题含核心考点、完整代码及关键注释可直接复制到 HDLBits 提交验证也能本地仿真复用。一、组合逻辑基础10题1. 与门Gates-AND2考点基本逻辑门实现module top_module(input a,input b,output out );assign out a b; // 与运算两输入均为1时输出1endmodule2. 或非门Gates-NOR2考点逻辑运算符优先级module top_module(input a,input b,output out );assign out ~(a | b); // 先或后非两输入均为0时输出1endmodule3. 异或门Gates-XOR考点异或运算奇偶校验常用module top_module(input a,input b,output out );assign out a ^ b; // 输入不同时输出1相同输出0endmodule4. 多路选择器2选1Mux2to1考点条件运算符组合逻辑核心module top_module(input a,input b,input sel,output out );assign out sel ? b : a; // sel1选bsel0选aendmodule5. 多路选择器4选1Mux4to1考点嵌套条件运算符module top_module(input [1:0] sel,input [3:0] data,output out );// sel00选data[0]01选data[1]10选data[2]11选data[3]assign out sel[1] ? (sel[0] ? data[3] : data[2]) : (sel[0] ? data[1] : data[0]);endmodule6. 位宽扩展Gates-Extension考点位运算与符号扩展module top_module(input [7:0] a,input [7:0] b,output [7:0] out_or_bitwise,output out_or_logical,output [7:0] out_xor );assign out_or_bitwise a | b; // 按位或assign out_or_logical |(a | b); // 逻辑或整体判0assign out_xor a ^ b; // 按位异或endmodule7. 加法器Adder-1bit考点算术运算基础module top_module(input a,input b,input cin,output cout,output sum );assign sum a ^ b ^ cin; // 全加器和逻辑assign cout (a b) | (a cin) | (b cin); // 全加器进位逻辑endmodule8. 比较器Comparator-2bit考点组合逻辑条件判断module top_module(input [1:0] a,input [1:0] b,output eq );assign eq (a b) ? 1b1 : 1b0; // 2位数据相等判断endmodule9. 译码器Decoder-3to8考点case语句应用module top_module(input [2:0] in,output [7:0] out );always (*) beginout 8b0; // 初始化为0避免 latchcase(in)3d0: out 8b00000001;3d1: out 8b00000010;3d2: out 8b00000100;3d3: out 8b00001000;3d4: out 8b00010000;3d5: out 8b00100000;3d6: out 8b01000000;3d7: out 8b10000000;endcaseendendmodule10. 优先级编码器Priority-Encoder考点casez语句无关位处理module top_module(input [3:0] in,output [1:0] pos );always (*) begincasez(in)4b1???: pos 2d3; // 最高位优先4b01??: pos 2d2;4b001?: pos 2d1;4b0001: pos 2d0;default: pos 2d0;endcaseendendmodule二、时序逻辑基础10题11. D触发器DFF考点时序逻辑建模时钟触发module top_module(input clk,input d,output reg q );always (posedge clk) begin // 时钟上升沿触发q d; // 非阻塞赋值时序逻辑专用endendmodule12. D触发器带复位DFF-Reset考点同步复位module top_module(input clk,input reset,input d,output reg q );always (posedge clk) beginif(reset) beginq 1b0; // 复位时置0end else beginq d;endendendmodule13. D触发器带异步复位DFF-Async-Reset考点异步复位复位独立于时钟module top_module(input clk,input areset, // 异步复位高有效input d,output reg q );always (posedge clk or posedge areset) begin // 复位沿触发if(areset) beginq 1b0;end else beginq d;endendendmodule14. 计数器Counter-4bit考点时序逻辑循环计数module top_module(input clk,input reset,output reg [3:0] q );always (posedge clk) beginif(reset) beginq 4d0; // 复位清零end else beginq q 4d1; // 每次时钟加1endendendmodule15. 减计数器Counter-Down-4bit考点递减计数与边界处理module top_module(input clk,input reset,output reg [3:0] q );always (posedge clk) beginif(reset) beginq 4d15; // 复位置最大值end else beginq q - 4d1; // 每次时钟减1endendendmodule16. 模10计数器Counter-Mod10考点模值计数工程常用module top_module(input clk,input reset,output reg [3:0] q );always (posedge clk) beginif(reset || q 4d9) begin // 计数到9复位q 4d0;end else beginq q 4d1;endendendmodule17. 移位寄存器Shift-Register-4bit考点数据移位操作module top_module(input clk,input reset,input data,output reg [3:0] q );always (posedge clk) beginif(reset) beginq 4d0;end else beginq {q[2:0], data}; // 左移1位新数据从最低位输入endendendmodule18. 双边沿D触发器DFF-Dual-Edge考点时钟双边沿触发module top_module(input clk,input d,output reg q );always (posedge clk or negedge clk) begin // 上升沿和下降沿都触发q d;endendmodule19. 同步使能计数器Counter-Enable考点使能信号控制计数module top_module(input clk,input reset,input en,output reg [3:0] q );always (posedge clk) beginif(reset) beginq 4d0;end else if(en) begin // 使能有效时计数q q 4d1;end// 使能无效时保持原值endendmodule20. 寄存器堆Register-File-2x2考点多寄存器读写控制module top_module(input clk,input [1:0] addr,input we, // 写使能input [3:0] din,output reg [3:0] dout );reg [3:0] reg0, reg1, reg2, reg3; // 4个4位寄存器always (posedge clk) beginif(we) begin // 写操作case(addr)2d0: reg0 din;2d1: reg1 din;2d2: reg2 din;2d3: reg3 din;endcaseend// 读操作组合逻辑即时输出case(addr)2d0: dout reg0;2d1: dout reg1;2d2: dout reg2;2d3: dout reg3;endcaseendendmodule三、状态机10题21. 摩尔状态机Moore-FSM-1考点摩尔状态机输出仅依赖当前状态module top_module(input clk,input reset,input in,output out);// 定义状态typedef enum {S0, S1, S2, S3} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;// 状态寄存器时序逻辑always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begincurrent_state S0;end else begincurrent_state next_state;endend// 下一状态逻辑组合逻辑always (*) begincase(current_state)S0: next_state in ? S1 : S0;S1: next_state in ? S2 : S0;S2: next_state in ? S3 : S0;S3: next_state in ? S3 : S0;default: next_state S0;endcaseend// 输出逻辑仅依赖当前状态assign out (current_state S3) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endmodule22. 米利状态机Mealy-FSM-1考点米利状态机输出依赖当前状态输入module top_module(input clk,input reset,input in,output out);typedef enum {S0, S1} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;// 状态寄存器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else current_state next_state;end// 下一状态逻辑always (*) begincase(current_state)S0: next_state in ? S1 : S0;S1: next_state in ? S0 : S1;default: next_state S0;endcaseend// 输出逻辑依赖状态输入assign out (current_state S1 in 1b1) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endmodule23. 序列检测器Sequence-110考点状态机检测特定序列module top_module(input clk,input reset,input in,output reg out);typedef enum {S0, S1, S2} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;// 状态寄存器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else current_state next_state;end// 下一状态逻辑检测序列110always (*) begincase(current_state)S0: next_state in ? S1 : S0; // 收到第一个1S1: next_state in ? S2 : S0; // 收到第二个1S2: next_state in ? S1 : S0; // 收到0完成序列default: next_state S0;endcaseend// 检测到110时输出1always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) out 1b0;else out (current_state S2 in 1b0) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endendmodule24. 状态机带复位FSM-Reset-Sync考点同步复位状态机module top_module(input clk,input reset,input [1:0] op,output reg [1:0] out);typedef enum {S0, S1, S2} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;// 同步复位状态寄存器always (posedge clk) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else current_state next_state;end// 下一状态逻辑always (*) beginnext_state current_state; // 默认保持当前状态case(op)2d0: next_state S0;2d1: next_state S1;2d2: next_state S2;endcaseend// 输出逻辑assign out (current_state S0) ? 2d0 :(current_state S1) ? 2d1 : 2d2;endmodule25. 双序列检测器FSM-Dual-Sequence考点状态机同时检测两个序列module top_module(input clk,input reset,input in,output out1,output out2);// 检测序列110out1和101out2typedef enum {S0, S1, S2, S3, S4} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else current_state next_state;endalways (*) beginnext_state S0;case(current_state)S0: next_state in ? S1 : S0;S1: next_state in ? S2 : S3; // 1→1(S2)1→0(S3)S2: next_state in ? S2 : S0; // 11→0→S0输出out1S3: next_state in ? S4 : S0; // 10→1→S4输出out2S4: next_state in ? S2 : S3;endcaseendassign out1 (current_state S2 in 1b0); // 检测到110assign out2 (current_state S3 in 1b1); // 检测到101endmodule26. 状态机带使能FSM-Enable考点使能信号控制状态机运行module top_module(input clk,input reset,input en,input [1:0] op,output reg [1:0] out);typedef enum {S0, S1, S2} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else if(en) current_state next_state; // 使能有效时切换状态endalways (*) beginnext_state current_state;case(op)2d0: next_state S0;2d1: next_state S1;2d2: next_state S2;endcaseendassign out (current_state S0) ? 2d0 :(current_state S1) ? 2d1 : 2d2;endmodule27. 一位全加器状态机FSM-Full-Adder考点状态机实现算术运算module top_module(input clk,input reset,input a,input b,input cin,output reg cout,output reg sum);// 状态表示进位cin0或1typedef enum {C0, C1} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state C0;else current_state next_state;endalways (*) begin// 计算sum和next_state进位sum a ^ b ^ (current_state C1 ? 1b1 : 1b0);cout (a b) | (a (current_state C1)) | (b (current_state C1));next_state cout ? C1 : C0;endendmodule28. 按键消抖状态机FSM-Deounce考点状态机解决实际工程问题module top_module(input clk,input reset,input btn,output reg btn_clean);// 消抖状态等待稳定、确认按下、确认释放typedef enum {IDLE, WAIT_PRESS, PRESSED, WAIT_RELEASE} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;reg [19:0] cnt; // 20ms计数器50MHz时钟// 计数器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) cnt 20d0;else if(current_state ! next_state) cnt 20d0; // 状态切换时清零else cnt cnt 20d1;end// 状态寄存器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state IDLE;else current_state next_state;end// 下一状态逻辑always (*) beginnext_state current_state;case(current_state)IDLE: if(btn 1b0) next_state WAIT_PRESS; // 检测到按键按下WAIT_PRESS: if(cnt 20d1_000_000) next_state PRESSED; // 稳定20msPRESSED: if(btn 1b1) next_state WAIT_RELEASE; // 检测到按键释放WAIT_RELEASE: if(cnt 20d1_000_000) next_state IDLE; // 稳定20msendcaseend// 输出消抖后的按键信号assign btn_clean (current_state PRESSED) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endmodule29. 状态机编码FSM-Encoding考点二进制编码vs独热码module top_module(input clk,input reset,input in,output out);// 独热码编码减少组合逻辑延迟typedef enum {S04b0001, S14b0010, S24b0100, S34b1000} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else current_state next_state;endalways (*) beginnext_state S0;case(current_state)S0: next_state in ? S1 : S0;S1: next_state in ? S2 : S0;S2: next_state in ? S3 : S0;S3: next_state in ? S3 : S0;endcaseendassign out (current_state S3) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endmodule30. 多输出状态机FSM-Multi-Output考点状态机控制多个输出module top_module(input clk,input reset,input [1:0] in,output reg [1:0] out1,output reg [1:0] out2);typedef enum {S0, S1, S2} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else current_state next_state;endalways (*) beginnext_state current_state;case(in)2d0: next_state S0;2d1: next_state S1;2d2: next_state S2;endcaseend// 多输出逻辑always (*) begincase(current_state)S0: begin out1 2d0; out2 2d3; endS1: begin out1 2d1; out2 2d2; endS2: begin out1 2d2; out2 2d1; enddefault: begin out1 2d0; out2 2d0; endendcaseendendmodule四、工程常用模块10题31. 二分频器Clock-Divider-2考点时钟分频基础module top_module(input clk,input reset,output reg clk_div2);always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginclk_div2 1b0;end else beginclk_div2 ~clk_div2; // 每两个时钟周期翻转一次endendendmodule32. 四分频器Clock-Divider-4考点奇数分频vs偶数分频module top_module(input clk,input reset,output reg clk_div4);reg [1:0] cnt; // 2位计数器实现4分频always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begincnt 2d0;clk_div4 1b0;end else beginif(cnt 2d1) begin // 计数到1时翻转占空比50%cnt cnt 2d1;clk_div4 ~clk_div4;end else if(cnt 2d3) begincnt 2d0;clk_div4 ~clk_div4;end else begincnt cnt 2d1;endendendendmodule33. 格雷码计数器Gray-Counter-4bit考点格雷码编码减少翻转次数module top_module(input clk,input reset,output reg [3:0] gray);reg [3:0] q; // 二进制计数器// 二进制计数器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) q 4d0;else q q 4d1;end// 格雷码 二进制 ^ 二进制右移1位assign gray q ^ (q 1);endmodule34. FIFO基础FIFO-Basic考点同步FIFO实现module top_module(input clk,input reset,input wr_en,input rd_en,input [7:0] din,output reg [7:0] dout,output full,output empty);reg [7:0] fifo [0:3]; // 4深度FIFOreg [1:0] wr_ptr, rd_ptr; // 写指针、读指针reg [2:0] cnt; // 计数判断满/空// 满/空判断assign full (cnt 3d4);assign empty (cnt 3d0);// 写操作always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginwr_ptr 2d0;end else if(wr_en !full) beginfifo[wr_ptr] din;wr_ptr wr_ptr 2d1;endend// 读操作always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginrd_ptr 2d0;dout 8d0;end else if(rd_en !empty) begindout fifo[rd_ptr];rd_ptr rd_ptr 2d1;endend// 计数更新always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begincnt 3d0;end else begincase({wr_en, rd_en})2b00: cnt cnt;2b01: cnt cnt - 3d1; // 只读2b10: cnt cnt 3d1; // 只写2b11: cnt cnt; // 同时读写endcaseendendendmodule35. ROM初始化ROM-Init考点FPGA内部ROM使用module top_module(input clk,input [3:0] addr,output reg [7:0] dout);// 初始化ROM数据0-15对应0x00-0x0Freg [7:0] rom [0:15];initial beginrom[0] 8h00;rom[1] 8h01;rom[2] 8h02;rom[3] 8h03;rom[4] 8h04;rom[5] 8h05;rom[6] 8h06;rom[7] 8h07;rom[8] 8h08;rom[9] 8h09;rom[10] 8h0a;rom[11] 8h0b;rom[12] 8h0c;rom[13] 8h0d;rom[14] 8h0e;rom[15] 8h0f;end// 同步读ROMalways (posedge clk) begindout rom[addr];endendmodule36. RAM读写RAM-RW考点FPGA内部RAM使用module top_module(input clk,input we,input [3:0] addr,input [7:0] din,output reg [7:0] dout);reg [7:0] ram [0:15]; // 16x8 RAM// 同步读写always (posedge clk) beginif(we) begin // 写使能有效ram[addr] din;enddout ram[addr]; // 读操作无论是否写endendmodule37. 跨时钟域同步CDC-Sync-1bit考点单bit跨时钟域处理module top_module(input clk_a,input clk_b,input rst_a,input rst_b,input data_in,output data_out);// 两级寄存器同步避免亚稳态reg sync1, sync2;always (posedge clk_b or posedge rst_b) beginif(rst_b) beginsync1 1b0;sync2 1b0;end else beginsync1 data_in; // 第一级同步sync2 sync1; // 第二级同步endendassign data_out sync2;endmodule38. 流水线加法器Pipeline-Adder考点流水线提升时序性能module top_module(input clk,input [7:0] a,input [7:0] b,output reg [8:0] sum);reg [7:0] a_reg, b_reg;reg [8:0] sum_reg;// 流水线第一级寄存器输入always (posedge clk) begina_reg a;b_reg b;end// 流水线第二级计算和always (posedge clk) beginsum_reg a_reg b_reg;end// 流水线第三级输出寄存器always (posedge clk) beginsum sum_reg;endendmodule39. I2C起始条件检测I2C-Start考点硬件接口时序检测module top_module(input clk,input scl,input sda,output reg start);reg sda_prev; // 寄存前一个时钟的SDA信号// 寄存SDAalways (posedge clk) beginsda_prev sda;end// I2C起始条件SCL高电平时SDA从高变低assign start (scl 1b1) (sda_prev 1b1) (sda 1b0);endmodule40. SPI时钟生成SPI-Clk-Gen考点SPI接口时钟控制module top_module(input clk,input reset,input en,output reg sclk);reg [3:0] cnt; // 16分频50MHz→3.125MHzalways (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begincnt 4d0;sclk 1b0;end else if(en) beginif(cnt 4d7) begin // 计数到7翻转时钟cnt 4d0;sclk ~sclk;end else begincnt cnt 4d1;endend else beginsclk 1b0; // 使能无效时时钟为0endendendmodule五、综合实战10题41. 4位加法器Adder-4bit考点模块化设计// 1位全加器模块module full_adder(input a,input b,input cin,output cout,output sum);assign sum a ^ b ^ cin;assign cout (a b) | (a cin) | (b cin);endmodule// 4位加法器级联1位全加器module top_module(input [3:0] a,input [3:0] b,input cin,output [3:0] sum,output cout);wire [2:0] carry; // 进位链full_adder fa0(a[0], b[0], cin, carry[0], sum[0]);full_adder fa1(a[1], b[1], carry[0], carry[1], sum[1]);full_adder fa2(a[2], b[2], carry[1], carry[2], sum[2]);full_adder fa3(a[3], b[3], carry[2], cout, sum[3]);endmodule42. BCD加法器BCD-Adder考点BCD码算术运算module top_module(input [3:0] a,input [3:0] b,input cin,output reg [3:0] sum,output reg cout);wire [4:0] temp;assign temp a b cin;// BCD码需校正和≥10或有进位时加6校正always (*) beginif(temp 4d9 || temp[4]) beginsum temp[3:0] 4d6;cout 1b1;end else beginsum temp[3:0];cout 1b0;endendendmodule43. 移位寄存器串并转换Shift-Parallel考点串并转换通信接口常用module top_module(input clk,input reset,input ser_in,input load,input [7:0] par_in,output reg [7:0] par_out,output ser_out);always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginpar_out 8d0;end else if(load) beginpar_out par_in; // 并行加载end else beginpar_out {par_out[6:0], ser_in}; // 左移串行输入endendassign ser_out par_out[7]; // 串行输出最高位endmodule44. 计数器带加载Counter-Load考点可编程计数器module top_module(input clk,input reset,input load,input [3:0] data,output reg [3:0] q);always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginq 4d0;end else if(load) beginq data; // 加载初始值end else beginq q 4d1; // 计数endendendmodule45. 脉冲宽度调制PWM考点PWM波形生成电机控制常用module top_module(input clk,input reset,input [7:0] duty,output reg pwm_out);reg [7:0] cnt; // 8位计数器0-255always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begincnt 8d0;end else begincnt cnt 8d1;endend// 占空比 duty/256always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginpwm_out 1b0;end else beginpwm_out (cnt duty) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endendendmodule46. 数字锁Digital-Lock考点状态机计数器综合应用module top_module(input clk,input reset,input [3:0] key,output reg unlock);// 密码1234typedef enum {S0, S1, S2, S3, UNLOCKED} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;reg [19:0] cnt; // 10秒超时计数器50MHz时钟// 超时计数器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) cnt 20d0;else if(current_state ! S0) cnt cnt 20d1;else cnt 20d0;end// 状态寄存器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state S0;else if(cnt 20d5_000_000) current_state S0; // 超时复位else current_state next_state;end// 下一状态逻辑always (*) beginnext_state current_state;case(current_state)S0: if(key 4d1) next_state S1;S1: if(key 4d2) next_state S2;S2: if(key 4d3) next_state S3;S3: if(key 4d4) next_state UNLOCKED;UNLOCKED: next_state UNLOCKED; // 解锁后保持endcaseendassign unlock (current_state UNLOCKED) ? 1b1 : 1b0;endmodule47. 灰度码到二进制转换Gray-to-Binary考点编码转换module top_module(input [3:0] gray,output reg [3:0] binary);// 二进制最高位灰度码最高位其余位前一位二进制^当前灰度码always (*) beginbinary[3] gray[3];binary[2] binary[3] ^ gray[2];binary[1] binary[2] ^ gray[1];binary[0] binary[1] ^ gray[0];endendmodule48. 二进制到灰度码转换Binary-to-Gray考点编码转换module top_module(input [3:0] binary,output reg [3:0] gray);// 灰度码 二进制 ^ 二进制右移1位always (*) begingray binary ^ (binary 1);endendmodule49. 同步FIFO带空满标志FIFO-Full-Empty考点FIFO优化设计module top_module(input clk,input reset,input wr_en,input rd_en,input [7:0] din,output reg [7:0] dout,output reg full,output reg empty);reg [7:0] fifo [0:7]; // 8深度FIFOreg [2:0] wr_ptr, rd_ptr;reg [3:0] cnt; // 0-8计数// 满/空判断always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginfull 1b0;empty 1b1;end else beginfull (cnt 4d8);empty (cnt 4d0);endend// 写操作always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginwr_ptr 3d0;end else if(wr_en !full) beginfifo[wr_ptr] din;wr_ptr wr_ptr 3d1;endend// 读操作always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) beginrd_ptr 3d0;dout 8d0;end else if(rd_en !empty) begindout fifo[rd_ptr];rd_ptr rd_ptr 3d1;endend// 计数更新always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begincnt 4d0;end else begincase({wr_en, rd_en})2b00: cnt cnt;2b01: cnt cnt - 4d1;2b10: cnt cnt 4d1;2b11: cnt cnt;endcaseendendendmodule50. 简易UART发送器UART-Tx考点串行通信接口实现module top_module(input clk,input reset,input [7:0] data,input send,output reg tx,output reg done);// UART参数1位起始位8位数据位1位停止位无校验typedef enum {IDLE, START, DATA, STOP} state_t;state_t current_state, next_state;reg [3:0] bit_cnt; // 数据位计数0-7reg [15:0] baud_cnt; // 波特率计数器9600bps50MHz50e6/9600≈5208// 波特率计数器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) baud_cnt 16d0;else if(current_state ! IDLE) baud_cnt baud_cnt 16d1;else baud_cnt 16d0;end// 状态寄存器always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) current_state IDLE;else current_state next_state;end// 下一状态逻辑always (*) beginnext_state current_state;case(current_state)IDLE: if(send) next_state START;START: if(baud_cnt 16d5207) next_state DATA; // 起始位结束DATA: if(baud_cnt 16d5207 bit_cnt 3d7) next_state STOP; // 8位数据发送完成STOP: if(baud_cnt 16d5207) next_state IDLE; // 停止位结束endcaseend// 数据位计数always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) bit_cnt 3d0;else if(current_state DATA baud_cnt 16d5207) bit_cnt bit_cnt 3d1;else if(current_state ! DATA) bit_cnt 3d0;end// TX输出always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) begintx 1b1; // IDLE状态为高电平end else begincase(current_state)IDLE: tx 1b1;START: tx 1b0; // 起始位低电平DATA: tx data[bit_cnt]; // 逐位发送数据STOP: tx 1b1; // 停止位高电平endcaseendend// 发送完成标志always (posedge clk or posedge reset) beginif(reset) done 1b0;else done (current_state STOP baud_cnt 16d5207);endendmodule需要我帮你生成这些题目的 Testbench 仿真代码 吗每个模块对应独立的Testbench包含激励信号生成和功能验证逻辑可直接在 Vivado/Quartus 中运行仿真。